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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(1): 85-89, feb. 2023. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1430538

ABSTRACT

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo demostrar la existencia de variaciones morfológicas en el tejido conectivo de la glándula submandibular de ratas obesas expuestas a glutamato monosódico (GMS). Se utilizaron 12 ratas Sprague Dawley machos recién nacidas (6 ratas para el grupo 1, control; 6 ratas para el grupo 2 (GMS), 4 mg/g de glutamato monosódico de peso (5 dosis) mantenidas por 16 semanas respectivamente con una dieta y agua ad libitum. En el estudio se realizó un análisis estereológico e histológico, demostrándose una variación en el tejido conectivo presentando una disminución del volúmen glandular, mayor fibrosis, y disminución de adipocitos a nivel periférico siendo reemplazado por tejido rico en colágeno. Los vasos sanguíneos observados a nivel estereológico no presentan mayores cambios en cuanto a volumen, superficie y área.


SUMMARY: This study aims to demonstrate the existence of morphological variations in the connective tissue of the submandibular gland of obese rats exposed to MSG. Twelve male newborn Sprague Dawley rats were used (6 rats for group 1, control; 6 rats for group 2 (MSG), 4 mg/g of monosodium glutamate of weight (5 doses) maintained for 16 weeks respectively with a diet and water ad libitum. In the study, a stereological and histological analysis was carried out, demonstrating a variation in the connective tissue, presenting a decrease in the glandular volume, greater fibrosis, and a decrease in adipocytes at the peripheral level, being replaced by tissue rich in collagen. Blood cells observed at the stereological level do not present major changes in terms of volume, surface and area, but in the histological study greater vascularization is observed.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Sodium Glutamate/administration & dosage , Submandibular Gland/drug effects , Obesity , Sodium Glutamate/pharmacology , Blood Vessels/drug effects , Body Weight , Fibrosis , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Connective Tissue/drug effects , Animals, Newborn
2.
J. vasc. bras ; 22: e20230042, 2023. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1521176

ABSTRACT

Resumo Trauma é uma causa importante de morbimortalidade, que acomete principalmente jovens. A hemorragia incoercível é o principal mecanismo de óbito precoce nessas vítimas, e as lesões vasculares não compressíveis representam grandes desafios para os cirurgiões. O traumatismo vascular impacta diretamente a viabilidade de membros traumatizados, aumentando o risco de amputação. Nas últimas décadas, muitas condutas de diagnóstico e tratamento de lesões vasculares traumáticas foram modificadas. A angiotomografia suplantou a angiografia como padrão ouro para diagnóstico, as técnicas endovasculares foram incorporadas ao arsenal terapêutico e o conceito de "controle de danos" foi estabelecido. No entanto, há lacunas na literatura nacional sobre a normatização de condutas em trauma vascular, principalmente considerando as limitações do Brasil. Por isso, a Sociedade Brasileira de Angiologia e de Cirurgia Vascular e a Sociedade Brasileira de Atendimento Integrado ao Traumatizado revisaram a literatura disponível sobre trauma vascular e organizaram diretrizes sobre o diagnóstico e tratamento dessas lesões.


Abstract Trauma is a leading cause of death, permanent disability, and health care cost worldwide. The young and economically active are the most affected population. Exsanguination due to noncompressible torso hemorrhage is one of the most frequent causes of early death, posing a significant challenge to trauma and vascular surgeons. The possibility of limb loss due to vascular injuries must also be considered. In recent decades, the approach to vascular injuries has been significantly modified. Angiotomography has become the standard method for diagnosis, endovascular techniques are currently incorporated in treatment, and damage control, such as temporary shunts, is now the preferred approach for the patients sustaining physiological derangement. Despite the importance of this topic, few papers in the Brazilian literature have offered guidelines on vascular trauma. The Brazilian Society of Angiology and Vascular Surgery has developed Projetos Diretrizes (Guideline Projects), which includes this publication on vascular trauma. Since treating trauma patients is a multidisciplinary effort, the Brazilian Trauma Society (SBAIT) was invited to participate in this project. Members of both societies reviewed the literature on vascular trauma management and together wrote these guidelines on vascular injuries of neck, thorax, abdomen, and extremities.

4.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 120(6): e20220816, 2023. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1439365

ABSTRACT

Resumo Fundamento As doenças associadas ao aparelho circulatório são as principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade em todo o mundo, implicando a necessidade de implantes vasculares. Assim, a produção de biomateriais vasculares tem se mostrado uma alternativa promissora às terapias utilizadas em estudos e pesquisas relacionados à fisiologia vascular. Objetivos O presente projeto visa ao desenvolvimento artificial de vasos sanguíneos pela recelularização de scaffolds vasculares derivados de vasos placentários bovinos. Métodos A superfície corioalantoide da placenta bovina foi utilizada para produzir biomateriais descelularizados. Para a recelularização, 2,5 x 104 células endoteliais foram semeadas acima de cada fragmento de vaso descelularizado durante três ou sete dias, quando a cultura foi interrompida e os fragmentos foram fixados para análise de adesão celular. Biomateriais descelularizados e recelularizados foram avaliados por histologia básica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e imuno-histoquímica. Resultados o processo de descelularização produziu vasos que mantiveram a estrutura natural e o conteúdo de elastina, e não foram observadas células e gDNA remanescentes. Além disso, células precursoras endoteliais se ligaram ao lúmen e à superfície externa do vaso descelularizado. Conclusão nossos resultados mostram a possibilidade de usos futuros desse biomaterial na medicina cardiovascular, como, por exemplo, no desenvolvimento de vasos artificiais.


Background Diseases associated with the circulatory system are the main causes of worldwide morbidity and mortality, implying the need for vascular implants. Thus, the production of vascular biomaterials has proven to be a promising alternative to therapies used in studies and research related to vascular physiology. Objectives The present project aims to achieve the artificial development of blood vessels through the recellularization of vascular scaffolds derived from bovine placental vessels. Methods The chorioallantoic surface of the bovine placenta was used to produce decellularized biomaterials. For recellularization, 2.5 x 104 endothelial cells were seeded above each decellularized vessel fragment during three or seven days, when culture were interrupted, and the fragments were fixed for cell attachment analysis. Decellularized and recellularized biomaterials were evaluated by basic histology, scanning electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. Results The decellularization process produced vessels that maintained natural structure and elastin content, and no cells or gDNA remains were observed. Endothelial precursor cells were also attached to lumen and external surface of the decellularized vessel.Conclusion: Our results show a possibility of future uses of this biomaterial in cardiovascular medicine, as in the development of engineered vessels.

6.
HU rev ; 48: 1-6, 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1397601

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A punção venosa central é um procedimento médico tradicionalmente realizado seguindo os marcadores anatômicos como referência para atingir o vaso, às cegas. No entanto, nem sempre o sucesso nessa técnica é alcançado, fato que se deve principalmente às variações anatômicas. A ultrassonografia point of care (US-POC) é utilizada para auxiliar a cateterização central por visualização direta do vaso, aumentando a segurança do procedimento. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência das variações anatômicas de vasos femorais através da utilização da US-POC por estudantes de medicina submetidos a curto período de treinamento. Material e Métodos: Cinco estudantes de medicina, sem experiência prévia em US-POC, foram submetidos a oito horas de treinamento teórico-prático. Foram avaliados os vasos femorais de cem voluntários. Resultados: A veia femoral direita foi encontrada mais frequentemente na posição medial (43%) em relação à artéria femoral direita. À esquerda, a posição posteromedial foi a mais observada (45%).Conclusão: A técnica tradicional de punção de acesso central se baseia em marcadores anatômicos e não leva em consideração as variações anatômicas existentes. Um treinamento de curto período para uso da US-POC é capaz de capacitar o profissional para reconhecer o posicionamento real dos vasos e evitar punções inadvertidas.


Introduction: Central vein puncture is a medical procedure traditionally done following anatomical landmarks as a reference to successfully achieving the vessel. However, this traditional technique is commonly unsuccessful due to anatomical variations that may be found. Point of care ultrasonography (POC-US) is used to assist central catheterization by directly visualizing the vessel, increasing procedure security and minimizing risks. Objective: Evaluate anatomical variations prevalence in femoral vessels, utilizing POC-US, done by medical students submitted to a short period of time training in ultrasonography. Material and Methods: Five medical students, without previous experience on the use of ultrasonography, were submitted to an eight-hour theorical practical training in POC-US. The students evaluated one hundred femoral vessels of volunteers. Results: The right limb femoral vein was found more frequently in the medial position (43%) in comparison to the right limb femoral artery. On the left limb, the posteromedial position was the most found (45%). Conclusion: The insertion of a central catheter following the traditional technique is based on anatomical landmarks, and does not take into account existing anatomical variations. With a short period of training, POC-US is capable of qualifying professionals to acknowledge the real location of the vessel and avoid inadvertent punctures and complications.


Subject(s)
Ultrasonography , Femoral Vein , Students, Medical , Blood Vessels , Punctures
7.
Int. j. morphol ; 39(4): 1028-1035, ago. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385441

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: The aim of the article was to study changes in periodontal tissues in rats with spontaneous periodontitis (SP) and to evaluate the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the state of the periodontium. Wistar rats with signs of SP were divided into 6 groups: 1) intact group; 2) intact animals with HA "HD-1,0 MDa"; 3) SP group; 4) SP with HA "S-2,4 MDa"; 5) SP with HA "ST-2,4 MDa"; 6) SP with HA "HD-1,0 MDa". The study of the periodontium rats with SP noted the main structural changes (collagen reduction, resorption of alveolar bone, dilatation and stasis of the vessels of the periodontium, gingival papilla and tooth pulp), which were assessed as moderate. Morphological evidence of inflammation was infiltration of neutrophils into the connective tissue of the gums, without the formation of abscesses. Local administration of HA did not cause additional structural damage in periodontal tissues of rats with SP, but also did not affect changes in the microvascular system of periodontium and tooth pulp, periodontal ligaments, only a tendency to inhibit alveolar bone resorption in rats was noted. One can consider the tendency to improve the condition of periodontal tissues in the group of rats injected with high molecular HA and HA with mannitol (2.4 MDa).


RESUMEN: El objetivo del artículo fue estudiar los cambios en los tejidos periodontales en ratas con periodontitis espontánea (PE) y evaluar el efecto del ácido hialurónico (HA) sobre el estado del periodonto. Las ratas Wistar con signos de PE se dividieron en 6 grupos: 1) grupo intacto; 2) animales intactos con HA "HD-1,0 MDa"; 3) grupo PE; 4) PE con HA "S-2,4 MDa"; 5) PE con HA "ST-2,4 MDa"; 6) PE con HA "HD-1,0 MDa". En las ratas con PS se observaron los principales cambios estructurales (reducción de colágeno, reabsorción del hueso alveolar, dilatación y estasis de los vasos del periodonto, papila gingival y pulpa dentaria), que fueron evaluados como moderados. La evidencia morfológica de inflamación fue la infiltración de neutrófilos en el tejido conectivo de las encías, sin la formación de abscesos. La administración local de HA no causó daño estructural adicional en los tejidos periodontales de las ratas con PE, pero tampoco se produjo cambios en el sistema microvascular del periodonto y en la pulpa dental y ligamentos periodontales.Se observó una tendencia a inhibir la resorción del hueso alveolar. Se puede considerar la tendencia a mejorar el estado de los tejidos periodontales en el grupo de ratas inyectadas con HA de alto peso molecular y HA con manitol (2,4 MDa).


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Periodontitis , Periodontium/drug effects , Hyaluronic Acid/pharmacology , Rats, Wistar , Inflammation
8.
Int. j. morphol ; 39(4): 1183-1189, ago. 2021. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385469

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: The studies of the properties of vascular structures and tissues during electric welding, in particular direct morphological changes in the blood vessel walls in the areas of welding processes, are of interest. Perforating veins, femoral veins, abdominal aorta, vena cava and porcine perforating veins of the limbs were used in this study. We performed end-to-end electric welding of the aorta, venous end-to-side electric welding, vein end-to-artery side arterial and venous welding, venous end-to-end electric welding, as well as arterial and venous lumen sealing.The results of histological studies showed the formation of a coagulated acellular protein matrix, represented by unorganized denatured protein fibrous structures. In the area of vascular tissue coagulation, lacunes were formed as a result of water evaporation from the biological tissue. In the perifocal area of the welded junction, cell reduction occurred without necrosis or charring. The data obtained confirm the safety of high frequency electric welding of the main vessels and the prospectfor clinical use of the studied techniques.


RESUMEN: Los estudios de las propiedades de las estructuras y tejidos vasculares durante la soldadura eléctrica son relevantes, en particular los cambios morfológicos directos en las paredes de los vasos sanguíneos en las áreas de los procesos de soldadura. En este estudio se utilizaron venas perforantes, venas femorales, parte abdominal de la aorta, vena cava y venas perforantes porcinas de los miembros. Realizamos soldadura eléctrica de extremo a extremo de la parte abdominal de la aorta, soldadura eléctrica de extremo a lado venosa, soldadura arterial y venosa de extremo a arteria del lado venoso, soldadura eléctrica de extremo a extremo venoso, así como lumen arterial y venoso. Los resultados de los estudios histológicos mostraron la formación de una matriz de proteína acelular coagulada, representada por estructuras fibrosas de proteínas desnaturalizadas no organizadas. Se formaron lagunas como resultado de la evaporación del agua del tejido biológico en el área de la coagulación del tejido vascular, En el área perifocal de la unión soldada, la reducción celular ocurrió sin necrosis ni carbonización. Los datos obtenidos confirman la seguridad de la soldadura eléctrica de alta frecuencia de los vasos principales y la perspectiva de uso clínico de estas técnicas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Vascular Surgical Procedures/methods , Anastomosis, Surgical/methods , Electrosurgery/methods , Swine , Blood Coagulation , Blood Vessels/anatomy & histology
9.
J. vasc. bras ; 20: e20200086, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1250236

ABSTRACT

Resumo Contexto Modelos com animais de médio e grande porte permitem que pesquisadores avaliem a eficácia e a segurança de procedimentos cardiovasculares em sistemas que se assemelham à anatomia humana e podem ser usados para simular cenários para fins de treinamento. Embora modelos suínos tenham sido extensivamente utilizados, muitos fatores fisiológicos e anatômicos permanecem desconhecidos ou apenas superficialmente descritos. Objetivos Descrever a anatomia vascular do suíno por tomografia computadorizada, compará-la à anatomia humana e discutir a aplicação dos modelos porcinos em procedimentos abertos e endovasculares. Métodos Três porcos machos da raça Landrace foram submetidos a tomografia computadorizada. A anatomia vascular de pescoço, tórax, abdome e membros foi analisada e descrita; foram destacadas similaridades e divergências relevantes entre a anatomia vascular de suínos e de humanos e as implicações em procedimentos vasculares nos suínos. Resultados O território carotídeo, o arco aórtico e os ramos terminais da aorta em suínos apresentaram diferenças marcantes quando comparados aos de humanos. Foram detectadas compressões de veias renal e ilíaca comum, ambas à esquerda, semelhantes às encontradas nas síndromes humanas de Nutcracker e May-Thurner. Medidas vasculares (diâmetro, comprimento e ângulos) de diferentes topografias de suínos foram fornecidas. Conclusões Os dados fornecidos podem ser úteis para o planejamento de ensaios pré-clínicos e pesquisa básica, bem como para o refinamento do treinamento cirúrgico usando modelos suínos no campo da cirurgia vascular.


Abstract Background Medium and large animal models allow researchers to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cardiovascular procedures in systems that resemble human anatomy and can be used to simulate scenarios for training purposes. Although porcine models have been used extensively, many physiological and anatomical features remain unknown or only superficially described. Objectives To describe the normal porcine vascular anatomy on computed tomography scans, compare it to human vascular anatomy, and discuss the application of porcine models for open and endovascular procedures. Methods Three male Landrace pigs underwent computed tomography. The vascular anatomy of the neck, thorax, abdomen, and limbs was analyzed and described; relevant similarities and differences between porcine and human vascular anatomies and the implications for vascular procedures in pigs are highlighted. Results The carotid territory, aortic arch, and terminal aorta branches all show marked differences in pigs compared to their human counterparts. Compressions of both left renal and common iliac veins were detected, analogous to those seen in human Nutcracker and May-Thurner syndromes. Vascular measurements (diameters, lengths, and angles) of several different porcine territories are presented. Conclusions The data presented should be useful for planning preclinical trials and basic research and for refining surgical training using porcine models in vascular fields.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Models, Animal , Anatomy, Comparative , Swine , Vascular Surgical Procedures/methods , Blood Vessels/anatomy & histology , Computed Tomography Angiography
10.
Rev. colomb. reumatol ; 27(4): 308-316, oct.-dic. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1289336

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La enfermedad de Behcet es una entidad clínica autoinflamatoria, de etiología desconocida, generalmente con compromiso sistémico, con un patrón de exacerbación y remisión frecuente que se asocia a retraso en el diagnóstico. El diagnóstico de esta enfermedad es complejo, por esta razón presentamos 4 casos de pacientes con enfermedad de Behcet, que durante el abordaje clínico fueron consideradas otras enfermedades de naturaleza autoinmune. La revisión integrada de la historia clínica, la aparición de úlceras orales y genitales, así como el estudio de tipificación del complejo mayor de histocompatibilidad (HLA) permitieron diagnosticar la enfermedad de Behcet.


ABSTRACT Behcet disease is a rare autoinflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology and is characterised by systemic manifestations with an exacerbation-remission pattern, often associated with diagnostic delay. The diagnostic approach to this disease is complex. A report is given on four cases of patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for Behcet disease. Other autoimmune rheumatic diseases were considered in the clinical approach. A meticulous clinical evaluation, taking into consideration relapsing aphthous ulcers in oral mucosa and genitalia, and HLA typing allowed a proper diagnosis of Behcet disease to be made.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Rheumatology , Behcet Syndrome , Oral Ulcer , Rare Diseases , Diagnosis
11.
Rev. cuba. estomatol ; 57(3): e2976, jul.-set. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1126523

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: La periodontitis se caracteriza por ser una inflamación mediada por el huésped y asociada a microbios que producen la pérdida de la adherencia periodontal. Una infección focal localizada como la enfermedad periodontal podría conducir a una inflamación sistémica. La disfunción endotelial vascular se ha asociado con una variedad de enfermedades y factores de riesgo para la aterosclerosis, que incluyen la edad, hipertensión arterial, dislipidemias, diabetes, tabaquismo, enfermedades cardiovasculares específicas como arteriopatía coronaria, cerebral y procesos infecciosos e inflamatorios como enfermedad periodontal. Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos del tratamiento periodontal no quirúrgico sobre la función endotelial de los pacientes con periodontitis crónica mediante una revisión de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados. Métodos: Se utilizó una estrategia de búsqueda primaria en combinación de vocabulario controlado y términos de texto libre para la elaboración de una estrategia de búsqueda en MEDLINE a través de PubMed, mediante el PubMed Advanced Search Builder el 5 de julio de 2019. Análisis e integración de la información: Fueron seleccionados 29 artículos de 2214. Para la elección se tuvo en cuenta que fueran estudios en humanos donde estuvieran relacionadas las variables de estudio. Del 100 por ciento de los artículos seleccionados se encontró que el 37,9 por ciento pertenecían a estudios de casos y controles, el 31 por ciento pertenecían a estudios transversales, el 10,34 por ciento a estudios de cohorte y solo 20,6 por ciento fueros estudios de ensayos clínicos, de los cuales solo 3 artículos (10 por ciento) fueron seleccionados para esta revisión. Conclusiones: La terapia periodontal no presenta un efecto sobre la función endotelial en un periodo de 3 meses, sin embargo, a los 6 meses se reporta una mejoría en la función endotelial(AU)


ABSTRACT Introduction: Periodontitis is characterized by being an inflammation mediated by the host and associated with microbes that produce, the loss of periodontal adhesion. A localized focal infection such as periodontal disease could lead to systemic inflammation. Vascular endothelial dysfunction has been associated with a variety of pathologies and risk factors for atherosclerosis, including age, hypertension, dyslipidemias, diabetes, smoking, specific cardiovascular pathologies such as coronary artery disease, cerebral, inflammatory, and infectious processes such as periodontal disease. Objective: Assess the effects of non-surgical periodontal treatment on the endothelial function of patients with chronic periodontitis through a review of randomized clinical trials. Methods: We used a primary search strategy using a combination of controlled vocabulary and free text terms based on the MEDLINE search strategy through PubMed using the PubMed Advanced Search Builder on July 05, 2019. Analysis and integration of the information: 29 articles of 2214 were selected because they are human studies where the study variables are related. 100 percent of the selected articles found that 37.9 percent belonged to case-control studies, 31 percent belonged to cross-sectional studies, 10.34 percent to cohort studies and only 20.6 percent were clinical trial studies, of which only 3 articles (10 percent) were selected for this review. Conclusions: Periodontal therapy does not have an effect on endothelial function in a period of 3 months, however at 6 months an improvement in endothelial function was reported(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Periodontitis/physiopathology , Review Literature as Topic , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Risk Factors , Atherosclerosis/etiology , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cohort Studies , Databases, Bibliographic
12.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 36(1): 33-40, mar. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1115460

ABSTRACT

El tabaquismo es considerado una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad en la población general. En Chile la prevalencia de tabaquismo alcanza el 36,7% en hombres y 28,5% en mujeres. En este contexto, diversas estrategias farmacológicas y no farmacológicas han sido propuestas para promover la cesación de su consumo, así como para contrarrestar las comorbilidades asociadas al tabaquismo prolongado. Entre ellas, el ejercicio físico ha sido tradicionalmente considerado, por su impacto en la promoción de la cesación del hábito tabáquico, así como también por sus efectos en la reducción de las manifestaciones clínicas del síndrome de abstinencia post cesación. No obstante, estudios realizados en modelos animales durante los últimos 10 años han proporcionado datos contundentes para sustentar la hipótesis de que la práctica regular de ejercicio físico sería también efectiva para prevenir o modular el estrés oxidativo y la respuesta inflamatoria inducida por el tabaco, previniendo el deterioro orgánico de los sistemas fisiológicos expuestos. Esta revisión tiene por objetivo discutir la evidencia publicada respecto a los efectos biológicos inducidos por ejercicio físico y su impacto en la reversión de los mecanismos fisiopatológicos que subyacen a las comorbilidades asociadas al hábito tabáquico, focalizando el análisis en los mecanismos de estrés oxidativo y respuesta inflamatoria del sistema respiratorio y cardiovascular.


Smoking is considered one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the general population. In Chile, the prevalence of smoking reaches 36.7% in men and 28.5% in women. In this context, several pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies have been proposed to promote the cessation of their use, as well as to counteract the comorbidities associated with prolonged smoking. Among them, physical exercise has been traditionally considered, due to its impact on the promotion of cessation of smoking, as well as its effects in reducing the clinical manifestations of withdrawal syndrome. However, studies conducted in animal models during the last 10 years have provided strong data to support the hypothesis that regular practice of physical exercise would also be effective in preventing or modulating oxidative stress and the inflammatory response induced by tobacco, preventing the organic deterioration of exposed physiological systems. The objective of this review is to discuss the published evidence regarding the biological effects induced by physical exercise and its impact on the reversion of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the comorbidities associated with smoking, focusing the analysis on the mechanisms of oxidative stress and inflammatory response of the respiratory and cardiovascular system.


Subject(s)
Humans , Exercise Therapy , Tobacco Smoking/therapy , Tobacco Use Disorder/physiopathology , Tobacco Use Disorder/therapy , Exercise/physiology , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Tobacco Smoking/physiopathology , Inflammation
13.
Int. j. morphol ; 37(4): 1404-1408, Dec. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1040145

ABSTRACT

Las glándulas tiroides consisten en dos partes denominadas lobos que se encuentran en ambos lados de la laringe. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar las medidas, topografía y vascularización de la glándula tiroides de conejos Nueva Zelanda. Las disecciones anatómicas se realizaron en 36 cadáveres adultos, 17 machos y 19 hembras, con masa corporal media de 2,5 kg y longitud cara-sacral media de 40 cm. Los cadáveres fueron obtenidos del sector de necropsia de la Universidad. Los especímenes tuvieron la arteria aorta torácica canalada, por la cual se inyectó solución de formaldehído al 10 %, seguida de látex coloreado. En los machos, el lobo izquierdo de la glándula tiroidea midió 1,40 x 0,40 x 0,01 cm y el derecho 1,36 x 0,56 x 0,01 cm; en las hembras, el lobo izquierdo midió 1,50 x 0,49 x 0,01 cm y el derecho 1,37 x 0,48 x 0,01cm. No hubo diferencia significativa (p> 0,05) entre las medias de las medidas entre machos y hembras, pero la extensión del lóbulo izquierdo de las hembras y la anchura del lóbulo derecho de los machos fueran significativamente mayores (p <0,05). La extremidad craneal de los lobos tiroideos se encontraba al nivel del cartílago cricoide en casi todos los especímenes. El extremo caudal presentó topografía más variable, desde el tercer hasta el décimo anillo traqueal, habiendo predominado al nivel del quinto anillo. Invariablemente, la irrigación arterial fue determinada por las arterias tiroideas izquierda y derecha, originadas de la arteria carótida común. Las anastomosis entre las arterias tiroideas fueron comunes. La constancia en las dimensiones y irrigación de la glándula tiroidea puede ser ventajosa en la elección del Coelho como modelo experimental para el estudio de esta glándula.


The thyroid glands consist of two parts called lobes located on both sides of the larynx. The aim of this study was to characterize the measures, topography and arterial irrigation of New Zealand´s rabbits thyroid glands. The anatomical dissections were performed in 36 adult cadavers, 17 males and 19 females, with a mean body mass of 2.5 kg and a mean cranium-sacral length of 40 cm. The specimens were obtained from the necropsy unit of the University. The cadavers had the thoracic aorta artery cannulated, through which 10 % formaldehyde solution was injected, followed by injection colored latex. In males, the left lobe of the thyroid gland measured 1.40x0.40x0.01cm and the right 1.36x0.56x0.01cm; in females, the left lobe measured 1.50x0.49x0.01cm and the right one was 1.37x0.48x0.01cm. There was no significant difference (p> 0.05) between the means of the measurements between males and females, but the left lobe length of the females and the right lobe width of the males were significantly higher (p <0.05). The cranial extremity of the thyroid lobes was at the level of the cricoid cartilage in almost all specimens. The caudal end showed more variable topography, from the third to the tenth tracheal ring in few specimens, but predominated at the level of the fifth ring. Invariably, arterial irrigation was determined by the left and right thyroid arteries, originating from the common carotid artery. Anastomoses between the thyroid arteries were common. The constancy in dimensions and irrigation of the thyroid gland may be advantageous in choosing the rabbit as an experimental model for the study of this gland.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Rabbits/anatomy & histology , Thyroid Gland/blood supply , Blood Vessels/anatomy & histology , Sex Characteristics , Thyroid Gland/anatomy & histology
14.
Int. j. morphol ; 37(3): 1095-1100, Sept. 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1012402

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the anatomy of the arteries of the brain, including the arterial circle of the brain, its branches and junctions, in five camel (Camelus dromedarius, Linnaeus 1758) following intravascular injection of colored latex via common carotid artery. The course and distribution of the arterial supply to the brain was described and morphological analysis was made. The basilar artery contributed to the blood supply of the brain in the camel in contrast to the situation in other Artiodactyla order.


En presente estudio se analizó la anatomía de las arterias del encéfalo en cinco camellos (Camelus dromedarius, Linnaeus 1758). Después de administrar una inyección intravascular de látex coloreado en la arteria carótida común se estudiaron las arterias incluyendo al círculo arterial del cerebro, sus ramas y uniones. Fueron descritos en detalle el curso y la distribución del suministro arterial al encéfalo y se realizó un análisis morfológico. La arteria basilar contribuyó al suministro de sangre del encéfalo del camello, diferenciando este aspecto en otras especies de Artiodactyla.


Subject(s)
Animals , Brain/blood supply , Camelus/anatomy & histology , Circle of Willis/anatomy & histology , Cerebral Arteries/anatomy & histology
15.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 82(4): 310-316, July-Aug. 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1019421

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: Chronic instillation of benzalkonium chloride, a preservative, has inflammatory effects on the ocular surface. However, addition of the anti-inflammatory agent cyclosporine to a therapeutic protocol may mitigate these effects. This study compared the toxic effects of a 0.1% benzalkonium chloride solution and the possible protective effect of 0.05% cyclosporine when applied topically to the rabbit conjunctiva. Methods: Fifteen age- and weight-matched, female New Zealand white rabbits were categorized into three groups and treated for 30 consecutive days. Group 1, 2, and 3 - benzalkonium chloride received 0.1% every 24 h, 0.05% cyclosporine every 6 h, and both treatments, respectively. In each rabbit, the left eye was subjected to treatment and the right eye was a control. The rabbits were euthanized at after the experiment. Goblet cells and blood vessels were then enumerated in conjunctival tissues stained with periodic acid-Schiff and hematoxylin-eosin, respectively. Differences between treated and untreated eyes and between groups were compared using the t-test and analysis of variance. Results: Benzalkonium chloride treatment, with and without cyclosporine, significantly reduced (p≤0.05) in the number of goblet cells in treatment eyes compared with that in respective control eyes. Alternatively, adding cyclosporine to benzalkonium chloride did not prevent the loss of conjunctival goblet cells, and a significant reduction in the number of goblet cells was noted. Benzalkonium chloride-induced significant increase in the number of new blood vessels was mitigated significantly by the addition of cyclosporine. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the magnitude of conjunctival injury caused by chronic instillation of benzalkonium chloride. Although cyclosporine did not mitigate the effects on goblet cells, its addition minimized inflammatory angiogenesis induced by benzalkonium chloride.


RESUMO Objetivo: A instilação crônica de cloreto de benzal­cônio, um conservante, tem efeitos inflamatórios na superfície ocular. No entanto, a adição do agente anti-inflamatório ciclosporina a um protocolo terapêutico pode atenuar esses efeitos. Este estudo comparou os efeitos tóxicos de uma solução de cloreto de benzalcônio a 0,1% e o possível efeito protetor de ciclosporina a 0,05% quando aplicado topicamente à conjuntiva de coelho. Métodos: Quinze coelhos fêmeas brancos da raça Nova Zelândia, pareados por idade e peso, foram categorizados em três grupos e tratados por 30 dias consecutivos. Os grupos 1, 2 e 3 - receberam cloreto de benzalcônio 0,1% a cada 24h, ciclosporina a 0,005% a cada 6h e ambos os tratamentos, respectivamente. Em cada coelho, o olho esquerdo foi submetido a tratamento e o olho direito foi controle. Os coelhos foram submetidos à eutanásia após o experimento. Células caliciformes e vasos sanguíneos foram então enumerados em tecidos conjuntivais corados com ácido periódico-Schiff e hematoxilina-eosina, respectivamente. As diferenças entre os olhos tratados e não tratados e entre os grupos foram comparadas usando o teste t e análise de variância. Resultados: O tratamento com cloreto de benzalcônio, com e sem ciclosporina, reduziu significativamente (p£0,05) o número de células caliciformes nos olhos tratados em comparação com os olhos controle correspondentes. Alternativamente, a adição de ciclosporina ao cloreto de benzalcônio não impediu a perda de células caliciformes conjuntivais, e foi observada uma redução significativa no número de células caliciformes. O aumento significativo induzido pelo cloreto de benzalcônio no número de novos vasos sanguíneos foi significativamente mitigado pela adição da ciclosporina. Conclusão: Este estudo demonstrou a magnitude da lesão conjuntival resultante da instilação crônica de cloreto de benzalcônio. Embora a ciclosporina não tenha atenuado os efeitos nas células caliciformes, sua adição minimizou a angiogênese inflamatória induzida pelo cloreto de benzalcônio.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Preservatives, Pharmaceutical/adverse effects , Benzalkonium Compounds/adverse effects , Cyclosporine/pharmacology , Conjunctiva/drug effects , Protective Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Time Factors , Random Allocation , Reproducibility of Results , Treatment Outcome , Conjunctiva/pathology , Goblet Cells/drug effects , Angiogenesis Inducing Agents/pharmacology
16.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 39(3): 221-229, Mar. 2019. tab, ilus
Article in English | VETINDEX, LILACS | ID: biblio-1002801

ABSTRACT

Visual inspection of ultrasound examination for assessment of echogenicity and echotexture of blood vessel tissues is a technique routinely used in medical practice in humans. However, simple visual inspection can lead to poor quality diagnoses and errors. The use of grayscale histogram (GSH) analysis has proved to be an efficient technique to quantify the region of interest, allowing minimization of image interpretation errors. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the echogenicity and echotexture of the walls of the common carotid arteries of healthy female horses and mules using the GSH technique and correlate them with age, body mass, and vessel diameters. B-mode ultrasound examinations were performed in the left and right common carotid arteries in three regions (cranial, middle, and caudal) in 11 horses and 11 healthy mules. The GSH of the animals showed heterogeneous walls, but did not differentiate statistically between female horses and mules. The Mean variable of the middle right, middle left and caudal right sides showed differences, more significant in the mules. On the middle right side, the Min variable was different, higher in the mules. On the middle and caudal left side, the variables Max and Mode showed higher values in the mules. For the mules, the age factor presented negative correlation with the Mean, Mode,, Mode(Count), and Mode(Count)/Count(%) variables, and the body mass factor presented negative correlation with the Mode, Mean and Max variables. For the female horses, the body mass factor showed positive correlation with the Mean and Mode variables. Echogenicity of the carotid artery walls differed between female horses and mules, whereas echotexture was heterogeneous and statistically similar among the animals. The age and body mass factors inversely influenced the echogenicity of the mules, but were not significant in the female horses, in which only the body mass factor positively influenced echogenicity.(AU)


A técnica de avaliação da ecogenicidade e ecotextura dos tecidos dos vasos sanguíneos por inspeção visual do exame de ultrassonografia, já é uma prática da rotina médica em humanos. No entanto, a simples visualização manual pode induzir à erros e diagnósticos de pouca qualidade. O uso de análise por histograma em escala de cinza (HEC) tem se demostrado uma eficiente técnica para quantificar a região avaliada, permitindo minimizar erros de interpretação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar e comparar a ecogenicidade e ecotextura das paredes das artérias carótidas comuns das fêmeas equina e muares hígidos usando a técnica de HEC, e correlacioná-las com a idade, massa corpórea e diâmetros dos vasos. Exames de ultrassonografia modo-B foram realizados nas artérias carótidas comuns esquerda e direita em três regiões (cranial, médio e caudal) em 11 fêmeas equina e 11 muares hígidos. O HEC dos animais apresentou paredes heterogêneas, mas não diferenciaram estatisticamente entre fêmeas equinas e muares. A variável Mean do lado direito médio, esquerdo médio e caudal apresentou diferenças, sendo maiores nos muares. No lado direito médio, o Min foi diferente, sendo superior nos muares. Já para o lado esquerdo médio e caudal, as variáveis Max e Mode apresentaram valores maiores nos muares. Para os muares, o fator idade apresentou correlação negativa com Mean, Mode, Mode (Count) e Mode(Count)/Count (%) e o fator massa corpórea apresentou correlação negativa com Mode, Mean e Max. Para as fêmeas equinas o fator massa corpórea apresentou correlação positiva com Mean e Mode. A ecogenicidade das paredes das artérias carótidas diferiram entre fêmeas equina e muares, já a ecotextura foi heterogênea e semelhante estatisticamente entre os animais. A idade e a massa corpórea influenciaram inversamente na ecogenicidade dos muares, enquanto que nas fêmeas equina a idade não foi significativa, apenas a massa corpórea influenciou positivamente com a ecogenicidade.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Carotid Arteries/anatomy & histology , Carotid Arteries/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography/veterinary , Equidae/anatomy & histology
17.
West Indian med. j ; 68(1): 68-70, 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1341832

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The presence of appendicitis in an incarcerated femoral hernia is an extremely rare occurrence, known as De Garengeot's hernia, with potentially serious complications. An incarcerated femoral hernia was noticed intraoperatively, and the hernial sac, closely fused with femoral blood vessels, contained the phlegmonously inflamed vermiform appendix. Appendectomy and mesh hernioplasty were carried out. The postoperative period was uneventful.


RESUMEN La presencia de apendicitis en una hernia femoral incarcerada es una condición extremadamente rara, conocida como hernia de Garengeot, la cual presenta complicaciones potencialmente serias. Una hernia femoral incarcerada fue observada intraoperativamente, y el saco herniario, estrechamente fusionado con los vasos sanguíneos femorales, contenía el apéndice vermiforme con una inflamación flemónica. Se realizaron una apendicectomía y una hernioplastia con malla. El período postoperatorio se desarrolló sin problemas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Appendicitis/etiology , Hernia, Femoral/complications , Hernia, Femoral/surgery
18.
Rev. estomatol. Hered ; 28(3): 195-200, jul. 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1014025

ABSTRACT

El quiste óseo simple (QOS), es considerado un pseudoquiste por no tener tejido de revestimiento epitelial. Esta lesión es más frecuente en pacientes de sexo masculino afectando mayormente el maxilar inferior, comprometiendo la zona posterior mandibular con mayor frecuencia y también la zona sinfisiaria. Algunos autores lo han relacionado a trauma o degeneración quística dejando una cavidad ósea vacía. Su diagnóstico suele ser por hallazgo radiológico, presentándose como una imagen radiolúcida unilocular o multilocular bien definida o irregular, de bordes corticalizados finos. Su característica principal es el festoneado circundante a las raíces de las piezas dentarias. En este artículo presentamos a un paciente de sexo masculino de 21 años, al cual le detectaron incidentalmente a través de la radiografía panorámica una lesión quística. Luego de 2 años de seguimiento imagenológico, se evidenció a disminución de la lesión. La finalidad de éste reporte es presentar las características imagenológicas de los quistes óseos imples.


The simple bony cyst (SBCs) is considered a pseudocyst because it does not have epithelial lining tissue. This lesion is more frequent in male patients, mainly affecting the lower jaw, involving the posterior mandibular area more frequently and also the symphysial area. Some authors have related it to trauma or cystic degeneration leaving an empty bone cavity. Its diagnosis is usually by radiological finding, presenting as a well-defined or irregular unilocular or multilocular radiolucent image, with thin corticalized edges. Its main characteristic is the scalloping surrounding the roots of the teeth. In this article, we present a male patient of 21 years, who was detected incidentally through the panoramic radiography a cystic lesion. After 2 years of imaging follow-up, the decrease in the lesion was evidenced.The purpose of this report is to present the imaging characteristics of simple bone cysts.

19.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 40: 38801-38801, 20180000. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1460809

ABSTRACT

The objective was to describe the structure of the renal artery in capuchin monkey at the level of the proximal and distal arterial segments. Morphometric analysis was performed referring to the thickness and quantification of tissue elements of the renal artery tunica media in both segments. Renal arteries of eight adult capuchin monkeys were collected for histological analysis of the two segments, being the proximal part branched from the abdominal aorta, and the distal part localized next to the renal hilus. The quantification of smooth muscle cells and connective elements was carried out in transversal sections of the two segments; for the tunica media, it was used the volume densities of smooth muscle cells, collagen and elastic fibers. Considering these volume densities obtained for each segment, it was verified that the proximal segment showed a marked myoconnective architecture, while the distal segment was characterized by a single muscular artery. Apparently, the mixed architecture of the proximal segment could be related to a blood flow control at the aortic emergence of the renal artery, which helped to guarantee a priority flow of enriched plasma into the kidney parenchyma.


O objetivo foi descrever a estrutura da artéria renal no macaco prego ao nível dos segmentos arteriais proximal e distal. Uma análise morfométrica foi realizada, tendo como parâmetros a espessura e a quantificação dos elementos constituintes da túnica média da parede vascular, nos dois segmentos. Foram coletadas as artérias renais de oito macacos pregos adultos para estudos histológicos dos dois segmentos, sendo o segmento proximal a parte originária da aorta abdominal e o segmento distal a parte arterial junto ao hilo renal. A quantificação de células musculares lisas e de elementos conjuntivos da matriz extracelular foi realizada em secções transversais dos dois segmentos, sendo empregadas para a túnica média as densidades de volumes (DV), dos componentes musculares e das fibras elásticas e colágenas. Tendo por base estas densidades de volumes obtidas para cada segmento arterial verificou-se que o segmento proximal apresentou estrutura mioconjuntiva marcante, enquanto que o segmento distal foi caracterizado como uma artéria muscular padrão. Aparentemente, a arquitetura mista do segmento proximal estaria relacionada com o controle de fluxo sanguíneo na emergência aórtica da artéria renal, garantindo um direcionamento prioritário de fluxo de plasma sanguíneo enriquecido para dentro do parênquima renal.


Subject(s)
Animals , Renal Artery/anatomy & histology , Cebus/anatomy & histology , Cebus/growth & development , Cebus/blood
20.
Clin. biomed. res ; 38(2): 141-150, 2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1025547

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Os anticoncepcionais orais vêm sofrendo alterações em suas concentrações de estrogênio e progestogênio, baseando-se no fato de que doses mais baixas estão associadas a menor incidência de alterações metabólicas e de efeitos adversos, como o comprometimento da morfologia e função da artéria aorta. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a influência dos anticoncepcionais nas propriedades morfofuncionais da artéria aorta, através do método histoquímico, demonstrando sua utilidade nas análises histopatológicas. Métodos: Para tanto, foram utilizadas 15 ratas divididas em 3 grupos; Grupo controle (GC), cujos animais não receberam tratamento hormonal; Grupo 2 (G2), onde os animais receberam tratamento diário de 15 µg de etinilestradiol + 60 µg de gestodeno; e Grupo 3 (G3), que recebeu 30 µg de etinilestradiol + 75 µg de gestodeno. Após o tratamento, os animais foram eutanasiados e as artérias retiradas para análise histológica. Resultados: Os valores encontrados com a técnica de coloração histológica de hematoxilina e eosina (HE), bem como na coloração específica em histoquímica com Alcian Blue, demonstram que no G3, tratados com uma dosagem superior de hormônio, 8% das ratas tem aumento relevante da espessura de suas artérias, ou seja, superior ao G2, que recebeu dosagem menor de hormônio, e GC, o qual não recebeu nenhum tipo de tratamento. Conclusão: Este estudo demonstra que existem relações entre o espessamento das artérias, de ratas submetidas a dosagens de etinilestradiol e gestodeno, com a grande quantidade de mucopolissacarídeos depositados entre as túnicas das artérias. (AU)


Introduction: Pharmacological development of hormonal contraceptives has been undergoing changes in estrogen and progesterone doses, based on the fact that lower doses are associated with a lower incidence of metabolic changes and adverse effects, such as impairment of morphology and function of the aortic artery. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of contraceptives on the morphofunctional properties of the aortic artery, using the histochemical method, demonstrating its usefulness in histopathological analyzes. Methods: For this purpose, 15 rats were divided into 3 groups; Control group (GC), whose animals did not receive hormonal treatment; Group 2 (G2), where the animals received a daily treatment of 15 µg of ethinylestradiol + 60 µg of gestodene; and Group 3 (G3), whose animals received 30 µg of ethinylestradiol + 75 µg of gestodene. After treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the arteries removed for histologic analysis. Results: The values found, with HE measurements and Alcian Blue histochemical staining, showed that in G3, treated with a higher hormone dosage, there are 8% of the rats with a relevant increase in the thickness of their arteries, that is, higher than that of G2, which received lower dosage of hormone and that of GC, which received no treatment. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that there are relations between the thickening of the arteries of rats submitted to dosages of ethinylestradiol and gestodene with the great amount of mucopolysaccharides deposited between the tunics of the arteries. (AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Aorta/drug effects , Aorta/physiopathology , Ethinyl Estradiol/adverse effects , Ethinyl Estradiol/pharmacology , Rats , Contraceptives, Oral/adverse effects , Disease Models, Animal
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